Hawaii Holomua, Volume II, Number 64, 19 March 1894 Edition 02 — THE POPULATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [ARTICLE]

THE POPULATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

Is ±e a oeenei ? PKKENĪ AND FITIRE PROSPECTS. (>V<» HnUnnua, F' h. 21 ond 26; }I>ir. H, 12 ond 14.\ ' That the drain of Ilawanan sailcr» <l d bave a poweHal intlaer.ee ou the depopal*tion. two instances will snffice to |>rove In 1"E4-G5. the Ct nfederate cru sers destroyed % Urge nuniber of whalers, whcse crews were sent to the nearest Amenean porta. Several handrndsof Hawa{iansare known to bave tht. •* !>een landed in San Francisco, who ooght to h»ve l een returned toHawsii. From Pon «[>e alone. i)'' Hawat;an s*i!ors from destroyeil whalen» had to V»e sent for, at Gorernment eipenee. 15ut many more, whose eontracts for retnrn conid not be fnlfilled, have been lost sight of and dr>ftod to various settling points abroad. Now, it i will !>e observed. in Table H . that in the following Hawai- < ian Census. 18€t». the ratio of decrease suddenly jnmped from the nonnal 6, to 1*2.4 per cent., with no < ther cause to account for it, whiie the loss of only 2,000 sai!ors is suffieienl to jnstify this «xcess of decreaso. In a simiiar manner. in lS71,u gre:it disaster destrcyed the whaling tlect sn the Behring Sea, and thongh over 1,000 H >waiians werc rctarueil direct from Icy-Cape, yet. in tbe ncxt loeal Census, the ratio of de rease i> .ng «in 12.3 |»ercent.. «ithout sny other pos>:ble justific«tion, than the absence or death of 1700 sutlors witilst the decrease falls back to the nonnal r»te ut the next period. To this fiist cau.se of emigration was addod htter another one, that of free departures, called away by some relutive or friend who hnd previously settled abroud, or enticed bv ihe California gold-fever, whieh caased a large e\odns in 1S4>. Many of these emigrants went otl with wives and childreu, !>ut no <>fficial record cxi.sts of tho facts, whieh ean l»e ascertainod onlv by speaking with some snrviving parents. Novertheless, this form of exo<b;s grew at last so alarming that a law was pussod prohibiting H;twaiians from Ic»ving thc Kingdom. This h«sanwisely V>een repealed. »nd l«telv, the Monnona took adv«ntage of it to alluro. at different times, about two huudred people to go to l’tah, where a villago of about 90 persous still exists. It is fortun«te that this moverneut did not extend, bccaase the Mortnons euticed esj»oc5ally those who had promising families and indej i ndent raenns, aud >*ho very foolishly wont away with their money. wives and children. That. as a whole, tbose two forras of eruigration must hav». been very largo and qaite an unnoticed br.t heavy drain, i» moreovpr corrobomted by the fact, that. at the present day, Hawaiums and their progeny are found within an iramense aroa, not cnlv in the Paeiheaml ou its bonlers. China, .lapan, the Philippines, Vanoouver. Oregon, (*) C.»lifornia, Me\ico, Pcra,Chili, Now-ZeaIand and A.istralia, b«it nlao in V«!parsiso. Kio-Jsneiro, Phil«delphia, NewBcdford, New-York, Poston aud varioas ports of Euro{>e, principally Fnglaiid. The fact seerus to be. according to tho expression of an exj>erienc6«l se«man, that no port to ■ whieh whalen» U8aally res«»rt. is found wrthoat its contingent ' of Hawaiian», settled down or navigating, an«l generally thriving. They are «lso foaud in nearly all the Soath-Sea lslatuls. l»oth North aiul South of the Eqaator, sonio voluntnrv emigrants. others sent by the B«»arvl of A Missions. as t«>achera «>f the G«»spel. and principally at tlie Marqnes:«s <iilV»ort and C«rolines. A few wcre reported as far as (.iaam *nd Wlew Islauds; quite a naml»er are employed on the v«rioas (luano Islan«Vs to the Westwanl of Hawaii, an«l th«»ugh evonta«lly rvtuming here. they ;«re not computed iu the Censas S >rae went to Samoa. *t various times. e*pecially dnring the allinnee with that conntrv (1886» and when they wcre expelled by Malielo* (1889) for fear of ' lepro»v, only a few eame V»ack here, others prefering to go to Tong<. Fiji. *n«l other Meb«nesian Islands, where one is kuown to have *oqaired »ra«ll island, Matafaa. ard another is ieported well otl'«mong the Tong* chiefs. Bat the bulk j of them. iu *mall colonies. *pp<’ar. now ss in the time of Jarv<s, to V»e on the American coast, frora Vancoover, Colambi* R«ver, Pnget-Sound. Oregon *mi California. down to Chili. m>rrietl to Hawaiiaa, wh«to or Iudi*n fem«les. m*nv with very large f*milies. figures h*ve beeo h»n«l«Hl to roe by sn intelligent *nd reli*ble H*wa>ian s*.>atn»n, whieh pot the pre»enx naml»er *rouml Vancouver. Burr*rd's lalel *nd the Sonnd. *t ovcr 230, princip*lly faru)ers or employed in the laml*ermills, forests «nd aaluon fisheries; rn*nv *re well otT; one seltleaaent i» s*ul to Vh> oame<l Hawaii. Sv»aoe twenty years «go theee settlers carried on «juite a brisk trade with their motber coontry. seuding down c*rgo?s of potatoe«, wbeat, o*ts fisb and other pn<docts of their a«lopte<l region. In Victori«. three f«miles «re knowo to be in ve*y g«x>d citcamsUnces. Aroand Portl«nd and Astor;a (Oregon> orer 2(0. Seven*l l.(t)e »ett!em«nls *re foand in S. Fn*ncisoo Bay. «speci«lly lowards Sicramento, one loc«t:on being c«Ued Hooolulu. the«e settlers *re j>rincijv*llv fishermen. «ml their tot«l number u:ust be « eoupie of bui;dred. At the time of King Kalnkaa* s trip to the State$. *nd «lso wheo the pms*nt Q'j««n m«d« « visit over there. th« S*n Fr*ncisco H*w*iian« g*v« both of them entbusiastic rec«ptions and made a fine displ«v of nnmbers. When «sked whelher th«y bd loel «11 *‘aloh«” (love> for their naiiw i*nd, they replied th«t; they h«d not «ad wouhl be gl«d to return. hat th*t it odfore*l no inducemeats. no ehaoee to g»to lheir liviag. so tk«t h«ving l«rge («miliea to cnre for, they h«d to *uy where they were, ln Peru orer 200 l:ve aroand Tamb«a «ml P*yU. At Tal*huan* (ChUi), the Hawaiīan* *re e«stim*ted over 250. three of whom *re doing « l*rge bo«ine«s «nd TV Im*> bmu U«t j«a imnwl kwAu»»** *tw»*k iU U ol Kmuo. mhe fmm*i WM* m » wb*i; trca, V*e«en». «i>» - ' Miok» W b»t> l>i>»c t J >rti» u> V*tms h* mhmI • Ikw «aa fc» U* !U*«au .

con«i weU off. An>CBd Srdoer *Btl BrUb*ne tbrv »r* • • * «aid t tc- re tb*n 50. one K»wclo Tbv**a:isoc' i» koown to be 3Bs«t«r of % wh*Wr frcwa StJ»cv. qc;tt wewllhe. la W-Z>«lud UieT m v clo»teriec pniKipallT an>tnid Acckuod M*rp-»nai. Opehown. o*er 80, la Jipao, *roasd Tokcbto»a »c*l Naks«»ki, it is f»:r to pat tueodown tt 6<\ Oee b»s been koown tor ye»r> v« a r«!oe«,i o€cer in Uie Ckioe«* Cvtow st Ti«Q-tsio. otbers »re in Hoagkoof, One bsv just eome b«ck frtHn L;nfrpoo!. »fter t*n re»r» •bseoc«. anotber retnrnc-d from T*htti. Etcb re»r brr(f» b»ck «me of iheae w»nd«rer» fn>ra otber p»rts of tbe »orld »fter Ioog »l>«ecc«». I AlaO qnite » namber of Hwaiian h»!f-easte girls. married to Foreigners. b»re followed lbetr hasb»r.d> »bn>*d. Of coor«e, no po«:tiTe computition c»n be made of tbe totvl of »11 these enrgr»nt sons and ii»oght»«rs of Hiwaii, whieh is now T»rioosly estiiQated between 3 *nd 5 thoos»rd. Bot tfce abso!cte loa» to the nation bere. in tbe 1ist ‘i‘0 Tears, from tbe nnoo* kicd of absente->.- I c»nnot estimate less tb»n one qoarter of tbe whole decre*se (•). Thus it no lcoger ean bedenied tb>t » goodly proj>ortion of oox depopol»tion most be attribnted to other eaoses than deuths and loeal factors. Bat fortnnately. tbe emigratiog tendency is now extinet: very few hare Ieft the conntrT within the last decade, tbe wbaler«. al:u '>ngh on the ascendant again. no longer eome here to recruit crews. and -neh Hiwaiiau saiiors who still navigate ontside of the Inter-IsUnd riet>t, are on boarvl ships eng-»geil in the regolar clipper-tr»de Wtween the Is!auds and Atneriea. England. Oermany and Anstralia (+); tbese do ereota»lly eome back here. though they are not compate«l in the Censns. It ean tberefL<re be espectetl that emigration. as a caase of decreaso of popaIation. wid have no farther noticeab!e etfect. onless distastefol. anboarabie politicai changes furced the remnants of the Hawaiians to go and seek refnge with 'ome of tbeir Soutb Sea eousin-. T ■' līal/-caste«, the “Hope of the Fntare.”—Now we eome to the most interesting elenu nt of the Hawaiian populalion. For quite a while, the balf-castes w»re not taken into uuy account in official documents. being merely counted. either with tbe pnre Hawaiiana or witb the Fore : gntr-. Tiie censns of lS,ōn w.is about the lirst to mention "en p«ssunt” tbat 31*2 foreigners married to native women Lad oōS ehildren. That of 1S53 states tbai out of 1311 foreignen> tben living in Honolulu and Oahu, 98 were married to native women and 20 to * half-caste8.” But it was not before 18t)b tbat the half-castes were connted sep»rately frora the other elements. Table C has shown how rapidly they have increased; and hcre it raust be said that the j>eople who do freelv return themselves as halfc;istes. ne»rly all have received the be*i eau iti n »vailable heio. TLe dnta therefore given by them to the last oensus enumerators are such that the official figures relating to them inay be takc-n as the iuost correct. Froin these we gather: lst. That the sexes are raore equally represented. 3 101 fetnales for 3.085 males. thus giving the only excess (about , 0 8 per cent.) of females we have iu the national ol mcnts, 2d. Th»t more theu half (55.4 j>er cent.) of our half-. e -t« - are y* t ur.der 15 years of ag'> and that on’y 273, out of tho total (>f 3.186 are over 45 yoars, so that nearly a!l the females of that elass are either still witbin the physiological age, or will gradually rij>eu to it,thns constautIy mcro.isiug the number of j>robable child-bearers. aiul |>romisiug an infallib!e increase in geometrical progression within the ue\t fow years: 3d. TLat out of 1301 liali-caste womon over 15 ye»rs of ago, ou v 754 aro yet married (54.21 j»er cent.). 728 of whom are already mothers (52.34 j>-r ceut. of tbe whole number of age), and raothers havo already 2.930 cbildren, a ratio of 4.02 to eaeh mother, out of whieh 71.60 j>er cent. survive. And yet these fignres, however forcible, do not give a full idea of the true fertility of our half-caste women, sioce uearly all of them are only just beginuing to bear. A truer concej>tion of the capacity of tbis e!emcnt will be ; obtained bv some individual e\amj>les, selected at ranJom; The grand father of Hon. S. Parker. e\-minister of Foreign AtTairs. married m Waime». Hawaii, a Kipikano, j>ure uative, who bore 3 children, one of whora accidentally died without issue: from the other two have already sprung 103 descendants, 90 of whom are living. one lady nf this f.»mily had 1 child with « white busband aud 19 children witb a native husband. Hon. J. A. Curaroins. whose Amenean f;»ther raarrie<l a pure native, has already 2!J hvmg cbildren aud graiidcbildren. Hon. J. E. Bnsh, wbose £ng)ish father roarried a pure native, his bad 12 cbiidren. bv two haif-caste wives. Mrs. Brickwood. half native and luliin, has h«d frotn an English husband. 9 children and 34 grar.d-children, 4-) being alive out of the 43. From J. Kobmson i£nglisb) and two wives. one halfcaste, the other full native. hare been born 34 persoos in two generations. 31 of whom are iiving. Tue noted Ale\»ader Adams, the £nst white m»n to volontanlv serre Kamehameha I. had 9 clitldreo of j»ore native wiver>. from whom 43 descenvlanLs are now liriDg, oot of 49 in tbne gener«tions, and yet several oi bis children died wilhoni i»;ue. An Americ*n named Stillman. by a fall nalive. ha<l 6 cht!dren. from whom fo!lowed descendants. 24 now lm*H$The Ho.t f»milr (Engli»h fatber and half-white mother), j now coout ia tbe tbird geoer»Uon, 30 persons living oot of 31. Jodge Wi lomann ti»vrman m»m«d to » foll n»ti>e, faa» 8 chiidren, ooly 4 of whom. mameU »» yet i»ve »lr«mly i given him '39 frand-children. »11 !Uiog. Nahaolelo». » voong pare n»tive m»rrted to » balf-white girl, b»s alre»dy 9 ch»idren, »il living. Koiomokn. » voong h»lf-white tu»n m»med to » fal! native. has 8 children. two ol whom. qaite yoang, h»ve »lre»dv had 4 cbildreo. »11 living. * »•) 1 ■*»)•« lU» tU» L»J ba«e Uiw ewrwa W •>.—■ Vr■>!!»■ ttti iW Vk*kn i»J ācju. »*) Tt* <>*•» totw ,W**« «O >—• 5 kw»; »»J ® «■!»»>$ toa* Vfea, 4 »>urt. TW (a bntC- ’-nM ta )«M, i taJ« i.* !*.«_• ..... > iW >••-’ 1 . Uai o*lr 9W nsp» <su al «O A—nn.n B Brw»». * j Ukmm. i «ui W imm* »(W