Hawaii Holomua, Volume II, Number 59, 12 Malaki 1894 — THE POPULATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS [ARTICLE]

THE POPULATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

> II. NAT1VE POPULAHON. \ \— I —The fin*t «līi*caw iclrodac<e<i was sypbiīis, »?*•>< r cnr t»ot iw* expre**ed in fipnres bat *re koomn to fcare V«eea *{'p»Uu.g; it La» also thoroagb1y di>i>iliUtcd tbe «hole r*ce. The h:»tonan J*rri$ meat>oa» itn tecrode«ceace *nd nnileaee )«rticai*rly on fcm»les, *!>- nt 1S42; but nc«*d*Yf. cs|< , ci*lly siace the l«st !»» “to n>itigate," it b«» lo«t moeh tf it* fonner prer»!eoce aad Moule* *nd Hooping congh «ere introdoc»d in *od arc commooly «cknowledged to h*ve c»rried otf o:.c u-nth of thc f<>pniation, m*king tbe r*le of decre»se of thst peri*xl jorop corrcctly from 16 tu 24 per ccnt. Next eanu -uiall pox. in l»s>3 whieh kdled *bont 3.000 »nd c*u*c»i tbe mtc of decre*M to rus»h up • pain to 12 per cent Then (ollowed seven yeara of n. n: al ccndition» in whiel tbe rHt** went down to sbont 6 j jcr c*‘t.t. only. l’ioiiee «jnnnintine precnutions iu the fnt »e ongbt e*sily to j>re»erTO the niee from any furtber , , : ..t- of thi~ natore. if tbe m«n in the CIoveroment are . .irw't in tfcoir j n>fc«ectl dcxirc to protcct the natives. I,. j u v. fir>t obwrred in 1833. »ronscd pr.blicattcat»ou in 1- ,1 . >.d al the <nd of 1865 tbe Scttleroeot at Molokai wa* -t tt.d »!tfc 140 {«nooi Since tfccn. np toJu>> 31st. 18'.*3, 4 7»2 i« > rsoo* havo l>een scnt there. Tbesc are 8oppoeed to includ<‘ »bout 150 whiteFoicigners, but no record Las been V, 1 1 < f t!i<> nntk)i a!itie*; mnny ar>* Chin<s«e. 11»>8 le]>ers «< r«- Jiving at Molokai, JoIy 31 1893. and »ecording to the (, ,vcn iix nt «--< rti*'ns. they are pretty near all the casos !,, w < \ -ting. -egregation lx'iog en(<>rce«l with extremo s«verit> e\« nat the cost of the Kulalau tragedy» iu whieh ,i„ ?iutiv«-. Ko*..lac. soccc-sfui ! v Lej>t at bay a whole eouij i,i)v <'f forcign 8ol«licrs. with ariillery. (June 1893). V<t the aln.io tot »l cannot be «aid to re|>rr-ent exactly all the c*ws that h«vo dcvtloped in this couutry many having dicd at hom© who b»d not eome to the c«>gnis:,nco of tho anthoritics. »i„lolhers. principallv foreigners, having l«ft llie conntry. Tbe »pread o( this diro disease is popa11. rl\ !»tiril utcd in a grent measure, to careless VHCcination, (i > i,u«l thcre is reallv no other w*y that eau accouut for the uumber of cbildren, nutivo mul white, who h»ve developed 1. ) rosy witliout tfcfir parenta. nnrses or attend»nts, having -hown an\ syni|4onis of the scoorge. To leprosy must evid« nt!y l>e a certain {>roj>ortiou of the native dccrease since 185.3; but tbero is no )>iausiblo rea.son tv> <up{« se tln*t its fulure eHects may possibly incsease tho j»»st « r {>ros«'nt rato of mortality, as it seems pretty &early »tam]H>d oot. No ad«liticnal lipht cr.n bo gatbored, on tbo rospective :iirtu«>uvxs « f tlie vi»ru iis other di.seases as f,« tors of mortality, bv rcferring to tho rotums of the Board of Henlih, b,,; i-e theso. outside of Honolula. aro morrly nominal; aiid eiei; in the C*pit*l, tlie nnnibor cf c«sos rocordcd ns • ntnittvndvd ’ or 'o»u,-e anknown." —au*l the true causesof wliieh »r«' lhereby oot seiontifically ascert»inevl, —issolarge tl.at any { or« v'ut»gt> table would be vitiat«d an«l nseiess. lt ean only be m«nt oncd that consumj>ti<>n and lung «li-. nH s are l»ig«’ fHctor>. aiul thi- ean be as.-«>rted as adirect r< -i lt of tbr st «Ulen revolulion iu cluth,ng enforced by the Missiouaries. As * visitv>r juslly rem»rked: ‘'tbo n«tives both males «ml f< nial« s very s>o« loarned to «dd tbe ner«>ssitios of f«-Li><n to tlv> requirements of decvncy as tanght by the Now-England purst»ns. «nd from the early timos when the mouey broogbt in by tho whalers cirouiat«‘d freely in the country, th<> a»tives us«'«l to spend »11 thv>ir earuiags on r»v'h vlressv>s. to out vlv» thoir neigbbors iu the thvu imjH>rtant cvent v>f gv>ing to chorch. From tho light nationaI c<-t«me. -uite«l to the el m«te, thcy jumpevl t> hoaw s lk dress, -. he«vy w«H>llv>n clothes. shot's and stockiugs. beaver h.»ts. etc. whioh. iu the b* at of tbe d»y snd iu cruwd.nl nivH'lir.gs. ai«dv> Ihem perspire freely »ud leel so oncomforiabi«’ th«t. «s < >v>u a- thcy coald return home tbey wouKl -trip n.\ked »n«l sw'k relief iu tbe oold win«ls or thorongh vln*fts or throw the«oselves into tb- cold watore. thus br ngiug «'n theuist'lves every kiiul uf lung anv) rhoam;4tc tr«>ubKs. But tbe Natives wcre evivlently encoaraged in this love ol vlress by the miasiduuri«s, in view of increasing tbe j»r. fits of Iho dn gv>ovls storce owued by Uiem.’’ Uut it must now Ih> borae in mind that tho gener\l s»nitaiy cv>oditiv'iis of the Nstives.—even thongh. they tuigbt *till bc bctterevl. to the a<lv»nUge o( ihe longerity of lbe r*oe. —bave yet wondorfal!v improved during Uio l*st vleo*de, v>s|H>ciaUy amoug ihe H«lf'CHstv>5. whwne u«h1cs v>f liviug «re getting to bo more enlightonevl, eaolīoua «nd reliuevl. *o«l «juite cqu*l to those of the be>t foreiguers. B. Disproportion of sexos. —The other o.i«ses enamerat»sl were only very swoo«Un‘, and tbeii inilaeaee is w*ning. cxcept that of the vl spro)x>rtiou ot sexee among tbo N\tive*. Tbe l*st ee sos registerevl 18,364 malee against 16,012 fem«lee. oul of tbetot«l of 34.436. By referring to the figares »•>( tbe prvvioo» ceus usv-s, the foIlow;ng Uble fcas Ihh>q compiledKv» ess or MiU' i'veb Females. tzb ctR: 1850. 1853. 1860. 1866. 1872. 1878 1884 189l\ 4,39* 0i 42 5.48 5.90 6.50 6.56 7.48 666 lt will bc ooUced th*t, v \oept for tbe dip in tbe last cens&». this >liaprc)H>riivm of *exes b&s ste»dily increaaed withio the la*t 40 ye«re. no d»ta existing for Ihe previoa* penoi’m. 8tranger yet is it to nole that th« s»me thing haj']H us among the white Foreigoeis K>rn in the lsi»nds. thongb amang tbem. the cxoe«*s of male* is in « :nding mnai)er proj>oriton, 432 p«r cent. Now. wh«t U tm>re. i( we uke aii the race* U'g-tber. in Ihe poiiion ander 15yea» only, givfn by th» eenao». tben ihe excees of mal«s gel* to be re«Uy 8 84 }>er cent. a facl from whieh we ean c«nclud* tbat ihe said vli«j>r\'j»ortiuD is not r«ady to di«appear, bat wiU Tb»i tfci» M » HK UrtL M tih» AMM*3a j»'p«Ur opuoe. 0mu*4I e«Jy l>5 Ux pkmaiw Uw «hmwim wk» »>»«■» *«0 «•*«(*!)? «M& M> Uwk VW Mf«MlM>II.

cocticae ia t&rrt*»icc for tir« fctare. an«i th» k*d V» to njf<« & C«M>ntl clitr*t»c erse. ntS»« «or« Uua *nr nci*l cm Wittkrer it bst b« the fact i» b«re. &nd mske« tb« nrrft;oo of ibe hi ! ‘tb« b , pe »{ oor fctorei &]} tb« tcore niaahU. lbt» c!*s» heiep th* oriy on*e ia *bicb lb« «eie» «e oboat eotttl}v dsTkled. witb «ee a ifjtuUr » ! gbt nene in f»vor of tbe fea»le#- In «btt (vceercs lle NiSiv« «ef*r»t<*}r. it »ost be as mr »trling tbat. after maki&gdo« tl!onnre fr»rall«traordi&ary cao»w. (i.-esst* atd cscjgrat:oc tb<? ordu»ary r»U' of dccrease tiscog tbcs& follcws «m cksclj' tbeir ratioof exc«*s of male** th&5 prori&g tbat tbis saae disproportson of sexes bas bcen no ODtn»pcrtact (actor in the past declin« of tbe race.. Furtbennora. tbe icdoecce of tbr* fact* ri# aggr*T»ted by eien marriage of Hawaiwn »orfen to Foreigners Thos, the la»t Ccc*b* report« aboot 600 of *nca marr:age». Tbis n eans 5 per eeoi. of the nomber of BBarriageal>!e H<jwai «n women. '‘By soch marriag»*s. says tbe Cettsas Rejort, fo»eigners hare been sopplied with wi>es from a race »ho Las no womon to spare, to ihe dvtrĪRieut of the males of that Mme niee The only remrtdy to this von!d seem to l>e ao ifnpc‘rtation of women. <>iich a-> i ad*ocate«i as far back a« 1S8*>. and whieh had been seriooslv contemplnled by the Ute King Kalakaaa. 2.292 women aonld be necessary to ba!anee the Hawmian males. and 423 for tbe Hawaiian-bom ForeigDersThe ncxt f«ctor, intimately connected with tbe aboro, is tbe proportionate {evness of births and Iarge mortalsty of infauts among oor renmant« of full in otber words the tendencv among many of tbeir fcraales to barrenne>s and earelessness in rearing. Tbese c»rcomstauces were alrea>U ree<>nlt«l l<y Jarvis, and C‘*nfirmeil in 1860. wheu saperintendant FoIIer of the Censos, noticed that the decrease of the nativa popnUiion waa “not owing to anv unnsnal great degree of roortality aniong tbe people. bnt to tbe poncity of births.” Tbis is probably dne to the debaacherv, licentionsoess, promiscuoos living and prostitot:on at all tiraes prevaleut among the pet>ple, and only natnral aud to be expected in a popu!ation, in whom moral ideas were formerlv so ve»y ditlerent. and in wliom at the preseut time, n t only tLe male aborigines arc in exce>s, bnt no less than 26,000 single nien of other mtionalities, mere laborers, have beon »ntrotlaced. as a couseqnence of the Kec»procity Treaty, to pauder to the rapacity of the wbite setttlers; aud all this w ithont t.»king into aeeonui the pn-sing crews of uamerons ships. And here, it must be said, tbnt thero is a raost erroneons estimate in the la->t Censns. ahout tii • uumber of Native womeu mamed, aml the proj>ortion of cbildreu they are supposod to besr. Ont of 11435 uative women of age, 7,556 (76.69 |>er cont.) aro »-eporte«l as married. Of these, 6 H49 (not qnite 6 sevenths) aro reported to have borne children, thus g ; ving a n»to of 4.7 otfspriogs for eaeh mother, 54.07 ]H'r cent. of thcse snrviving. Tf this was com‘ct, it wonld leave nearly 3 snrviving cbildron to eaeh mother, and eonse»jaently ooght to keep the popolation nearlv stationary, instead of allowing tbe present decrease of 13 per cent. I5ut «e must rerneml>er that. owing to the loose habits of the land, out of the remajning 32 34 per cent. of unmarried womon, four fiftbs live in concnbinage. this proportion may X even be larger. because gir!s of the c«>mmon people. especially in t! »> towns aud sngar-districts with large laboring classes of aliens. freqoontly begm that kind of life at fourteen or even earlier, and are soon rendered barren. That this stato of thiugs is not revoalod by the Censns. is not extraoniinarv, for two reasons: lst, that children of urmarried woiueu are generally recorded as bolonging to some married sistor or relation: 2nd, tbat it is a!so covered bv the fashion. at all limes prevalent among the Hawaiieua, to adopt, and eall theint, children of thoir frien»ls an»l relatives. It i> therefore qnite safe to s»y thut the ceosus ratio of children to eaeh m«rried full native woman is absolutely misleading. It wonld bo mueh more correct to consider 90 or 95 i>ercent. of all tho women of pbysiological age as actually married,aud, by »lividing atuong them tbe number of cbildren actnally boru and surviviug, it wonkl give for the average fertility of the present Hawaiian mother, onlv 2 to 3 chddren, less thau half of whom san ive, a proportion more iu aeeonl with the rate of decrease of popnlation. Thiscause o( decrease migLt perhaps be greatlv rednced by mUonal, practical laws on pr»stitntion.—instead of the »bsurd Iogislation dne to missionary pradishoess,—and by legi>L»tive onconragements to large fainilies. '-Such a supposition is corrobozmted by the facl that large f»mil es are nol yet rare among the fnll N,»tives who lead purer lite*. A few examples wil! illostrate tbe assertion, ail of whieh relate to families whose parents are full nativ»*s on botb sides. lu Puna one (all n»t ve, Lono, boasts of 49 living desceudauts in two generati >ns, a ff»ct eonmemoiaUHl in tho name of tbe Iast-born, Kahananui, “ ihe big family;” Kailihiwa has 33 līving descendrtuts, Kahiki 25. B»U, (a native from K.m>tong» marned to a pnre native) has 27 Iiving; in Hilo, Kaelemaknle. throogh two daugbters. faas now 29 descendants living, Kealoha has 9 chil»lren an-l 11 grand-childrec. ali yonng aod bealthy. In Kauai. a vcung native lady, Mrs. L. 0]H»ka. witb a full n»tive hosb»nd, ha» alrea»ly had 16 ohiLUen, 15 of whom are liring. Twios are alao no aoeoiumon oeeoienee araong tbe Nattres. Ali thi» is further oonfirmed by tbe assertion of leading Nalnea. that. in tbe moel remote. inaeeeaaihle districts. pr:ocipaliy iu Kona and Puna of Hawaii. Kaialan of Kanai etc. — where tbe foreign white or Asiaiic residents or Iaborers are m**rly al>sent or reduced to a minimam.—the nnmber of yoong uative cbiidren is quite noticeab)e and ev:dentlv ou , ihe incre»se. in other words. wb«*re the lewd mtf oenee of white and As «tic elements i» !esas felt. Ihe natire wooen are mon? proiific and keep tbe popnlatioo up. a fact ftxll of me*ning for a iwee reported *s fata!Iy dying oot. Tbis ia practi?ally confirme*l by the Census, whieh nolw that n Sonth Kona. lte total decn*4*e of N»tirws in 6 yean> tas oniy b«eo of 13 icdiridnal5. or 0.8 per ceat “ It is only ;nsiice. moreorer. to noleihal the moraiity anJ chastity o( the Hawaiian fema!« has raslly impr»:*ved in Ute last few years, wuieh bodca good resalte for U>e futnre C-—Emigr»tion.—Now eomea the mo*t obscons factor of Hawaiian d«crease. abont whieh on* ean proceed only by conjecturrs. as adl available o£cixl »Utiatics (aii to throw the l«intest ligbt on it, asd no docamente a«e known to > exist. bv whieh the nnmber o( aborigi«ea eoaid be »acertained who did le«ve the country at a»y time, wteth«r to retom or not Even of lale. with oor * unproved paa*|x>rt av«teMB, &o separ»te rccord ba* b«en kepi of H»wuu6 travellen or eoignot«, and no oSci»i ean aho* at any | Uum how ma&T uatire «ilor» tn ahipped oo tbe foreigs | trade v«neU '